Neueste Reisebeschreibungen, oder Jakob Cook 's dritte und letzte Reise [...] nach den Südinseln des stillen Meers [...] um die Möglichkeit einer nördlichen Durchfahrt nach Europa zu entscheiden, in den Jahren 1776 bis 1780 unternommen worden Erster Band

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Released in 1786 in Nuremberg and Leipzig, part one description of the journey from James Cook’s third, last trip (1776-1780), taken to find the north-west transition from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. James Cook was an English sailor and one of the greatest explorers. For the first time at sea he found himself as a fourteen-year-old, where he was swimming as a ship boy on a coal-fired boat in Ireland. From the early years he devoted a lot of time to learning. In 1760 he received the rank of noncommissioned officer of the navy. He made three trips around the world (1768-1780). During the first (1768-1771) he won the Society Islands, penetrated areas of Malaysia and New Zealand, reached the coast of Australia (1770) and crossed the Torres strait. During the second (1772-1775) he discovered, among othersNew Caledonia, Fiji archipelago, islands in Polynesia, South Georgia and South Sandwich. On his third and last trip Cook set off on the Discovery ship in July 1776, he was accompanied by Captain Charles Clerke on the Resolution ship. The British first sailed Cape of Good Hope, then influenced the Pacific in the New Zealand region, later they reached Tahiti. In January 1778 they arrived in Hawaii (then called Sandwicz Islands). The next goal of the expedition was the poorly researched north-west coast of North America. In March 1778, the banks of the current state of Oregon were noticed. Cook’s main problem was finding a bay suitable for anchoring and replenishing water and food supplies and repairing damage to ships. Poor weather conditions also stood in the way. When the coastline was again seen from the ships on March 29, the heavily forested island of Vancouver was seen, which Cook took as part of the mainland. A bay called Ship Cove in the Strait of King George was chosen to anchor. During less than a month’s stay, cooperation with the inhabitants of these lands (Nootkami), whose faces and bodies adorned numerous tattoos, was good. On April 26, 1778, British ships went from Nootka to the north. The bad weather again forced them to move away from the land, which they saw only being in the waters bordering Alaska. When almost the entire peninsula was circumnavigated and flowed through the Bering Strait, it was intended to sail east along the northern shoreline of the American continent. However, huge masses of ice and difficulties in sailing in the Arctic Ocean forced Cook to return to the south. In 1779 Cook returned to Hawaii. On February 14, 1779 in Kealakekua Bay, several Hawaiians stole one of the ship’s boats. Usually in such situations it was done in such a way that several natives were taken hostage until the return of stolen goods. This time it was supposed to be done the same, and the hostage was to be the king of Hawaii Kalaniopuu. However, this time on the beach, where Cook landed, a large crowd of natives gathered. First the stones went in motion, then the shots and the spears. In this situation, an order was issued to shoot the countrymen from muskets. A real battle broke out, during which Cook was stabbed to death with batons. According to legend, Cook was eaten. However, part of the body, due to the respect the captain enjoyed in the islanders, was preserved by the elders and the king, and later returned to the British who made an official burial at sea. Clerke took command of the expedition. Resolution and Discover returned to England in 1780. During his travels, James Cook made maps that changed the image of the outlines of lands and seas, largely contributed to the development of cartography. The possibility of colonizing Australia was also important. He improved the conditions of sea voyages by introducing vegetables and fruits into the seafaring diet, especially sauerkraut and lemon in order to control the scouring scourge. The material is complemented by maps and engravings showing, among others Portrait of natives, the moment of death of James Cook, etc.

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Elbląska Digital Library

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